| Issue № 3 |
Original research |
pdf-version |
Intergenerational dynamics of reproductive impairment in Daphnia magna under chronic herbicide exposure: identification of three types of response
| Kalyuzhnaya Olga Dmitrievna | RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198 Russia, kalyuzhnaya.olya@list.ru |
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Keywords: Daphnia magna herbicides chronic toxicity reproduction intergenerational dynamics LOEC NOEC zooplankton |
Summary: Chronic exposure to herbicide can disrupt the reproduction of daphnids at concentrations below acute lethal levels. The aim of this study is to identify patterns of changes in the reproductive response of Daphnia magna across generations P-F3. Five commercial herbicides were investigated: Zino (metribuzin), Anons (trifluralin), Reglon (diquat), Basis (a mixture of sulfonylureas), and Lontrel (clopyralid). Chronic tests lasting 21–30 days were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions according to GOST 32367-2020. The main indicator was actual fecundity; in addition, survival rate, age at sexual maturity, the first litter, and the number of litters were taken into account. To compare generations, OEC and NOEC values were determined based on reproductive output. It was found that actual fertility was the most sensitive indicator of chronic exposure. Comparison of P, F1, F2, and F3 made it possible to identify types of response. The first type is a progressive enhancement of the effect, which was identified for metribuzin, sulfonylureas, and clopyralid. The second type is a nonlinear two-phase dynamics with temporal stimulation of reproduction, established for diquat. The third type is the absence of inter-generational enhancement with weakening of the effect in F3, which is characteristic of trifluralin. The obtained results indicate that a single-generation assessment may underestimate the chronic risk of substances with enhanced or delayed effects. The intergenerational approach makes it possible to differentiate substances on the direction of their dynamics and to justify the duration of chronic testing. The practical significance of the classification lies in the ability to identify delayed risk amplification and distinguish it from temporary restoration of reproduction. This is important for choosing the duration of the tests and for correctly interpreting the environmental hazard posed by herbicides when assessing natural populations. © Petrozavodsk State University |
Received on: 14 August 2026 Published on: 28 September 2026 | |
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