| Issue № 3 |
Original research |
pdf-version |
Structural features and heat-protection properties of the pelage of small mammals in connection with the conditions of existence in the northern taiga
| Ivanter Ernest Viktorovich | DSc, Corresponding Member, RASf, KarSC RAS, Petrozavodsk, Pushkinskaya st., 11, ivanter@petrsu.ru |
|
Keywords: hair cover microstructure of hair shaft cuticle and medulla thickness hair length and density thermal conductivity of the covers |
Summary: We conducted a detailed comparative ecological analysis of the structure and heat-protective properties of the hair of eight dominant species of small mammals of the boreal taiga: european mole (Talpa europaea), eurasian shrew (Sorex araneus), eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus), masked shrew (Sorex caecutiens), eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens), northern birch mouse (Sicista betulina), tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus) and common red-backed vole (Myodes glareolus). Based on the obtained results, the main adaptive features of these small animals were revealed. This adaptation allows them to successfully compensate for their characteristic imperfections in thermoregulation, in particular by including the most effective mechanisms of physical thermoregulation.
The segmental structure of hair, its differentiation into categories, thinning and transition to universalism and multifunctionality, adaptive restructuring of the microstructure of the hair corresponding to the environment and to the topography of the pelage were studied. In the ecological and evolutionary plan, all the main dimensional and structural indicators of the fur of animals were analyzed in detail, including those that allow us to assess their geographical, population and seasonal variability. © Petrozavodsk State University |
Published on: 22 September 2024 | |
References
Brown T. M. The microscopy of mammalian hair for Antropologist, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1942. Vol. 3. P. 250–274.
Aksenova N. S. Habitat and its influence on the organization of some aquatic insectivores and rodents, Uchenye zapiski Gor'kovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 1951. Vyp. 19. P. 135–174.
Appelt H. Lichtmikroskopische untersuchungen an fledermaushaapen, Abh. Und Ber. Naturk. Mus “Mauritianuym”, Altenburg. 1979. Bd. 10, No 3. P. 279–295.
Aurin W. Ist die Unterschridung von Hasen- und Kaninchenhauren durch Untersuchungder Cuticula und der Marksulsanz moglich, Dtsch. Ges. Gerichtgl. Med. 1933. Bd. 20, No 4. P. 54-58.
Bashkirov I. S. Zharkov I. V. Biology and the mole fishery in Tatarstan, Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 1934. T. 94, vyp. 3. P. 18–31.
Benedict A. F. Hair structure as a generic character in bats, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zoolk. 1957. Vol. 59. P. 285–548.
Bergersen B. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Haut einiger Pinnipedien. Oslo, 1931. 146 p.
Bol'shakov V. N. Nekrasov E. S. On the heat-protective properties of the outer coverings of mountain rodents, Nauchnye doklady vysshey shkoly. Ser.: Biol. nauk. 1968. No. 10. P. 23–27.
Bol'shakov V. N. Ways of adaptation of small mammals to mountain conditions. M.: Nauka, 1972. 199 p.
Bonsma J., Pretorins A. Influence of colour and cover adaptability of cattle, Farming in South Africa. 1943. Vol. 18. P. 101–120.
Borowski S. Sezonowe zmiany uwlosienia Soricidae, Ann. Univ. M. Curie Sklod. Sect. C. 1952. Vol. 7, No 2. S. 65–117.
Borowski S. Variations in coat and colour in representatives of the genera Sorex L. and Neomys Kaaup., Acta theriol. 1973. Vol. 18, No 14. P. 247–279.
Cerevitinov B. F. Differentiation of the hairline of fur-bearing animals, Trudy VNIO. M., 1951. Vyp. 10. P. 6–17.
Cerevitinov B. F. Topographical features of the hair cover of fur-bearing animals, Trudy VNIIZhP. M., 1958. Vyp. 17. P. 256–307.
Chernova O. F. Celikova T. N. Atlas of mammalian hair. M.: Tovarischestvo nauchnyh izdaniy KMK, 2004. 429 p.
Cole H. J. Taxonomic value of hair in Chiroptera, Philippine J. Sci. 1924. Vol. 24, No 1. P. 117–121.
Davydov A. F. Homoiothermic organisms of the boreal climatic zone, Ekologicheskaya fiziologiya zhivotnyh. L.: Nauka, 1982. Ch. 3. P. 110–130.
Fadeev E. V. The structure of nutria fur, Trudy VNIO. M., 1955. Vyp. 15. P. 93–104.
Hmelevskaya N. V. The structure of the rodent hair cuticle, its variability and significance for taxonomy, Zoologicheskiy zhurnal. 1965. T. 44, vyp. 7. P. 1064–1074.
Hutterer R. H., Hurter T. Adaptiuve Hair Structuren bei Wasserspitzmausen (Insectivora, Soricidae), Z. Saqugetierk. 1981. Bd. 46. S. 1–11.
Ivanter E. V. Ivanter T. V. Tumanov I. L. Adaptive features of small mammals. Ecological, morphological and physiological aspects. L.: Nauka, 1985. 318 p.
Ivanter E. V. Levina R. V. Morphological characteristics and heat-protective properties of the coat of insectivorous mammals, Vid i ego produktivnost' v areale: Materialy III Vsesoyuznogo soveschaniya. Vil'nyus, 1980. P. 67–68.
Ivanter E. V. Levina R. V. Structure and thermal insulation properties of the hair cover of the masked shrew (Sorex caecutience Laxm.), Ekologiya nazemnyh pozvonochnyh Severo-Zapada SSSR. Petrozavodsk, 1981. P. 110–119.
Ivanter E. V. Moiseeva E. A. Structure, heat-protective properties and shedding of the hair of the European mole (Talpa europaea), Trudy KarNC RAN. 2022. No. 3. P. 844–853.
Ivanter E. V. Structure, heat-protective properties and shedding of the hair of the common shrew (Sorex araneus), Zoologicheskiy zhurnal. 2021. T. 100, No. 4. P. 419–433.
Kalabuhov N. I. Methods of experimental research on the ecology of terrestrial vertebrates. M., 1951. 177 p.
Kalabuhov N. I. Periodic (seasonal and annual) changes in the body of rodents, their causes and consequences. L.: Nauka, 1969. 248 p.
Kalabuhov N. I. Preferred temperature of mammals and its relation to other features of their thermoregulation, Gryzuny i bor'ba s nimi. Saratov, 1957. T. 5.
Kapischke I. J., Muhkle H, J. Zur Morphologie der Waldspoitzmaus (Sorex araneus), Staatl. Mus. Tierk. Dresden. 1988. Bd. 44, No 1. S. 71–74.
Keller A. Determination des mammiferes de la Suisse par leur pelage: Talpidae et Soricidae, Revue Suisse Zool. 1978. No 85, Fasc. 4. P. 758–761.
Keller A. Determination des mammiferes de la suisse par leur pelage. IV Cricetidae et Muridae, Rev. suisse zool. 1981. Vol. 88, No 2. P. 463–473.
Kuznecov B. A. Commodity science of fur and fur raw materials of the USSR. M.: Zagotizdat, 1932. 464 p.
Kuznecov B. A. Fundamentals of commodity science of fur and fur raw materials. M.: Zagotizdat, 1952. 508 p.
Liihring K. Das Haarkleuid von Sciurus vulgaris L. und die Verteilung seiner Farivarianten in Deutachland, 8 Z. Morphol. Okol. Tiere. 1928. Bd. 11, H. 5. S. 668–762.
Marvin M. Ya. The influence of the external environment on the structure of mammalian fur, Uchenye zapiski Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: biol. Sverdlovsk, 1966b.
Marvin M. Ya. The structure of the hair of rodents of the Urals, Nauchnye trudy Sverdlovskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta. 1974. Sb. 235. P. 11–22.
Marvin M. Ya. The structure of the hair of voles of the genus Microtus of the Middle Urals, Uchenye zapiski Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: biol. Sverdlovsk, 1966a. Vyp. 3. P. 52–57.
Nazarova I. V. Ecological and morphological sketch of gray voles of the Volga-Kama region, Izvestiya Kazanskogo filiala AN SSSR. Ser.: biol. 1958. No. 6. P. 27–41.
Niel'sen K. Physiology of animals. Adaptation and environment. M.: Mir, 1982. 785 p.
Pavlova E. A. Age and seasonal variability of muskrat fur, Trudy VNIO. M., 1955. Vyp. 15. P. 59–93.
Prasolova L. A. Kiselev Yu. A. Vystavnoy A. I. Umanceva N. D. Interbreed differences in the thermal insulating properties of the woolen coat of cattle, Vidovye i prirodno-klimaticheskie adaptacii organizma zhivotnyh. Novosibirsk, 1967. P. 273–276.
Sauer M. Die Bedeutung der Oberhautzeichung fur die Unterscheidung von Haaren vershidener Herkunft und eine Farbung zur Darstellung dieser Zeichnung, Disch. Z. Gerichil, Med. Berlin, 1922. S. 98–107.
Scaren U. Spring moult and onset of the breeding season jn the common shrew (Sorex Araneus L.) in Central Finland, Acta theriol. 1973. Vol. 18, No 23. P. 443–458.
Shilov I. A. On some concepts related to the study of the problem of thermoregulation, Zoologicheskiy zhurnal. 1962. T. 41, vyp. 4. P. 491–497.
Shvarc S. S. Smirnov V. S. Dobrinskiy L. N. The method of morpho-physiological indicators in the ecology of terrestrial vertebrates. Sverdlovsk, 1968. 387 p.
Skurat L. N. The structure of the hair of rodents of the Squirrel family, Gryzuny. M., 1980. P. 111–113.
Slonim A. D. Animal heat and its regulation in the mammalian body. M.; L.: Gosizdat, 1952. 327 p.
Slonim A. D. Ecological physiology of animals. M.: Nauka, 1971. 448 p.
Slonim A. D. Fundamentals of the general ecological physiology of mammals. M.; L.: Biomedgiz, 1961. 432 p.
Slonim A. D. On the physiological mechanisms of animal and human adaptations. L., 1964. 64 p.
Smirnov P. K. Ecological and physiological study of some rodent species. L., 1968. 135 p.
Smith H. The relationships of themedullae and cuticular scales of the hair shafis of the Soricidae, J. Morphol. 1933. Vol. 55, No 1. P. 137–149.
Sodolevskaya G. Ya. On the structure of the scaly layer of hair in close mouse species, Doklady i soobscheniya Uzhgorodskogo universiteta. 1957. No. 1. P. 35–37.
Sokolov V. E. Chernova O. F. New data on the architectonics of the hair of shrews and moles (Insectivora: Soricidae, Talpidae), Doklady Akademii nauk. 1998. T. 360, No. 5. P. 717–720.
Sokolov V. E. Skurat L. N. Nikiforova Zh. M. Morphological characteristics of the hair of rodents of the family of flying squirrels (Pteromyidae) and squirrels (Sciuridae), Zoologicheskiy zhurnal. 1981. T. 60, vyp. 7. P. 1058–1069.
Sokolov V. E. Skurat L. N. Stepanova L. V. A guide to the study of the mammalian skin. M.: Nauka, 1986. 279 p.
Sokolov V. E. The skin of mammals. M.: Nauka, 1973. 487 p.
Umanceva N. D. Adaptive features of thermoregulation of voles of the tundra zone: Avtoref. dip. … kand. biol. nauk. M., 1980. 23 p.
Vogel P., Köpchen B. Besondere Haarstructuren der Soricidae (Mammalia, Instctivora), und ihre taxonomishe Deutung, Zoomorphologia. 1978. Bd. 89. S. 47–56.
Williamson J. Determination of hairs by impressions, J. Mammals. 1951. Vol. 32, No 1. P. 80–84.
© 2011 - 2024
Petrozavodsk State University
technical support - RCNIT
The editor-in-chief - Andrey Korosov
ecopri@petrsu.ru